باول كراوس مستشرق ألماني(1322 - 1363 هـ = 1904 - 1944 م)
باول كراوس مستشرق ألماني(1322 - 1363 هـ = 1904 - 1944 م)الأعلام للزركلي (2/ 42)
كْرَاوْس
(1322 - 1363 هـ = 1904 - 1944 م)
باول كراوس: Paul Kraus مستشرق ألماني، من أصل تشيكوسلوفاكي. تعلم في جامعة براغ، وتلقى العلوم الشرقية بجامعة برلين، وعين في معهد التاريخ للعلوم ببرلين، ثم مدرسا بجامعتها سنة 1933 م وانتدب للتدريس في الصوربون (بباريس) ثم أستاذا للغات السامية في جامعة فؤاد الأول (بمصر) سنة 1936 فأقام إلى أن مات منتحرا. له (رسالة في تاريخ الأفكار العلمية في الإسلام - ط) ثلاثة أجزاء، الأول منها نصوص عربية، و (رسالة في فهرست كتب محمد بن زكريا الرازي ل أبي الريحان البيروني - ط) نص وتعليق، وساعد ماسينيون على نشر (أخبار الحلاج) وله في دائرة المعارف الإسلامية دراسات عن المستنصر والرازيّ وابن الراونديّ وابن جبير، وفي مجلة الثقافة بمصر (سنة 1944) مقالات له عنوانها (من منبر الشرق) وغير ذلك (2) .
__________
(2) . المستشرقون 193 ودليل الأعارب 104 و 106.
الیزر پاول کراوس
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
پرش به ناوبری
پرش به جستجو
الیزر پاول کراوس (تولد ۱۹۰۰ یا ۱۹۰۴ ، وفات ۱۹۴۴) خاورشناس و عرب‌شناس یهودی است که در پراگ پایتخت جمهوری چک فعلی به دنیا آمد.[۱] او در اواخر دهه ۳۰ به قاهره مصر مهاجرت کرد و در سال ۱۹۴۴ در همین شهر با خودکشی به زندگی خود خاتمه داد.
در سال ۱۹۲۵ به عنوان یک هوادار و معتقد به صهیون به کیبوتز در فلسطین رفت و بعد از یک سال به اورشلیم برای تحصیل در دانشگاه تازه تأسیس عبری نوین عزیمت کرد. او در پراگ، برلین و پاریس نیز تحصیل کرد و دکترای خود را در سال ۱۹۲۹ دریافت نمود.
از او آثار زیادی از جمله "جابر ابن حیان" ، "الشیمی" به فرانسوی باقی‌مانده‌است.
پانویس
"Selected Treatises by Jabir ibn Hayyan". World Digital Library. 1935. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
منابع
مقاله انگلیسی پاول کراوس http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kraus_(Arabist)
رده‌ها:
اهالی پراگتاریخ‌نگاران سده ۲۰ (میلادی)خاورشناسان اهل چکدرگذشتگان ۱۹۴۴ (میلادی)درگذشتگان با خودکشیزادگان ۱۹۰۴ (میلادی)زادگان دهه ۱۹۰۰ (میلادی)عرب‌شناسانیهودیان اهل جمهوری چک
Paul Kraus (Arabist)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Eliezer Paul Kraus (or Krause, December 11, 1904 – October 10 or 12th, 1944) was a Jewish Arabist, born in Prague. In the late 1930s he moved to Cairo, where in 1944 allegedly committed suicide or, according to family claims, was politically assassinated.[1][2][3][4]
Contents
1 Academic Studies and Work
2 Selected publications
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Academic Studies and Work
Paul Kraus was born in Prague.[5] Kraus was educated in Prague, Berlin (where he met his first wife, Bettina, and received his doctorate in 1929) and Paris.
Kraus was known for his fluency in many oriental languages, including Hebrew, Aramaic, Amharic (Ethiopian), Accadian, Greek, Latin and Persian.
In 1925, as a young Zionist, he went to Palestine, living at first on a Kibbutz, but a year later moving to Jerusalem and beginning studies at the newly opened Hebrew University. During this year he was briefly married and divorced. By the end of 1926 he had left Jerusalem and begun a research trip through Lebanon and Turkey, ending in Germany to continue his studies in Berlin.
In 1933, with the Nazis coming to power in Germany and many Jews losing their jobs, Kraus left Berlin for Paris, where he was able to continue his studies under the French Orientalist Louis Massignon. He stayed for three years.
In 1935 he first published a French translation of Abu Bakr al-Razis Philosophic Life,[6] following it in 1936 with a thesis on the work and importance of Jābir ibn Hayyān to the science of chemistry. The thesis advanced the possibility that no such person as Geber had ever existed, or that even if he had, the original book might have been written by a group of students, a decade after he died.[7]
In 1936, he was offered positions at three universities: The Holy Muslim University of India, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the University of Cairo. He took up the Cairo offer, moving there in 1937. He worked there at the University of Cairo, teaching Textual criticism and Semitic Languages,[8] as well as at the French Archeological Institute of Cairo.
In 1938 Kraus discovered the Al-Farabi manuscript (the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle and the Commentary on the Laws) in an Istanbul library, and notified his future brother-in-law, Leo Strauss, about it. The two were excited about the prospects of translating, publishing and researching the manuscript. An Al-Farabi conference was called for 1939 in Istanbul, but was canceled due to the outbreak of the Second World War.
According to his Czech language biography, in a 1939 trip to Jerusalem, he regretted turning down the university position, since he discovered that the academic scene was completely changed, bustling with the top researchers of the field, and nothing to be compared with the time he had first been there in 1926.
In 1941, he married Bettina Strauss, the sister of Professor Leo Strauss. The two had been acquainted since the late 1920s and had traveled together to Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt for research. Bettina died during the birth of their daughter, Jenny Ann, in 1942.[9]
In 1943, after his second wifes death, he traveled to Jerusalem with his daughter, where he married Dorothee Metlitzki, herself a noted academic and a founder of the Hebrew University.
At that time he was invited to a public debate held at the Hebrew University, where he set out his theory of the coherency of the Old Testament as a series of lyrics, perhaps as an oral tradition, which, he proposed, explained many inconsistencies and repeated parts in the texts. His behavior at the debate was described as "eccentric". His theories were ridiculed, many of his contemporaries shunned him, and it seems he had suffered a nervous breakdown.
After the debate in Jerusalem, he returned to Cairo alone, his new wife remaining in a Jerusalem hospital with a serious illness. The political situation in Cairo began to deteriorate. Krauss superiors at the University of Cairo were fired, and an air of anti-science along with growing anti-Semitism was felt there. It was clear that there was no future for him in Cairo, but Jerusalem had closed its doors to him as well. Rooms in his apartment were rented to two Lebanese students, Albert Hourani and his brother Cecil - both later to become prominent scholars. They noticed that upon his return from Jerusalem he appeared manic-depressive. Apparently, Kraus was accused of stealing funds that were intended for library purchases.
Several months later during 1944, on October 10 or 12, Kraus was found dead, hanging in the bathroom of a friends house. The Egyptian police determined it was suicide, although his family claimed they had proof that Kraus was assassinated for being a Jew or for his ties with Zionism.[2][4]
His daughter Jenny was adopted by his brother in law Professor Strauss at the age of four. Krauss papers, which had been stored in the French Institute in Cairo and apparently plundered by other scholars, were finally brought to the United States by his daughter who donated them to the Special Collections Library of the University of Chicago.
Selected publications
Altbabylonische Briefe: aus der Vorderasiatischen Abteilung der Preussischen Staatsmuseen zu Berlin. Leipzig: J C Hinrichs, 1931.
Jabir ibn Hayyan (1935). Paul Kraus (ed.). Mukhtar rasaʾil Jabir Ibn Hayyan - Selected Treatises by Jabir ibn Hayyan - مختار رسائل جابر بن حيان. Cairo: al-Khanji Booksellers.
Essai sur lhistoire des idées scientifiques dans lIslam. Paris: G P Maisonneuve; Cairo: al-Khanji, 1935.
Julius Ruska. Bruges, Belgium: Saint Catherine Press, 1938.
Plato Arabus. Edited by Richard Walzer, Paul Kraus, et al. London: Warburg Institute, 1943.
Jâbir ibn Hayyân—Contribution à l’histoire des idées scientifiques dans l’Islam—Jâbir et la science grecque. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1986.
Alchemie, Ketzerei, Apokryphen in fruhen Islam: Gesammelte Aufsatze. Edited by Rémi Brague. Hildesheim and New York: Georg Olms Verlag, 1994. A collection of eleven studies by Paul Kraus, containing a brief biography.
See also
Joel L Kraemer. ‘The Death of an Orientalist: Paul Kraus from Prague to Cairo’. In The Jewish discovery of Islam: Studies in honor of Bernard Lewis. Edited by Martin Kramer. Tel-Aviv: Moshe Dayan Centre for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1999.
References
Irwin, Robert (2000). "The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis by Martin Kramer". Middle Eastern Studies. 36 (3): 244–247. JSTOR 4284101.
Leo Strauss and the Politics of Exile: The Making of a Political Philosopher, Eugene Sheppard, Brandeis University Press (Google Books)
Preface of The Jewish Discovery of Islam by Professor Martin Kramer (Martin Kramers website)
See Strauss papers box 5 folders 11-15
"Selected Treatises by Jabir ibn Hayyan". World Digital Library. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
"Raziana I," Orientalia 4 (1935): 300-334.
Geber according to Kraus at the History of Science and Technology in Islam website
Encounters and Reflections By Seth Benardete and Ronna Burger, University of Chicago Press 2002, ISBN 0-226-04278-2, ISBN 978-0-226-04278-7
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-27. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
External links
Guide to the Paul Kraus Papers 1903-1996 Chicago University Library online
Paul Kraus and Arabic Alchemy University of Valencia Cronos magazine of 1999 (French)
Image of Paul Kraus on Cronos magazine cover
Islamic philosophical theology By Parviz Morewedge quoting and arguing with Kraus hypothesis.
A tribute to Dorothee Metlitzki
Richard Walzer wrote book co-edited by Kraus.
Kraus-Meyerhof Offprints originally compiled by Paul Kraus.
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
BIBSYS: 6088652 BNF: cb123862505 (data) GND: 119226065 ISNI: 0000 0000 8077 9755 LCCN: nr88002717 NKC: xx0078060 SUDOC: 032929706 VIAF: 81980151 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 81980151
Categories:
Czech JewsCzech ArabistsCzech orientalistsPeople from Prague1904 births1944 deaths20th-century historians
Navigation menu
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Search
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
فارسی
Français
עברית
Edit links
بول كراوس
اذهب إلى التنقل
اذهب إلى البحث
بول كراوس
معلومات شخصية
الميلاد 11 ديسمبر 1904
براغ
الوفاة 12 أكتوبر 1944 (39 سنة)
القاهرة
مواطنة
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
التشيك تعديل قيمة خاصية بلد المواطنة (P27) في ويكي بيانات
الحياة العملية
المهنة مستشرق[1]، ومؤرخ تعديل قيمة خاصية المهنة (P106) في ويكي بيانات
اللغات المحكية أو المكتوبة الألمانية[2] تعديل قيمة خاصية اللغة (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
تعديل مصدري - تعديل طالع توثيق القالب
پاوْل ْكرَاوْس (1904 - 1944 م) هو مستعرب يهودي.[3] درس اللغات الشرقية بجامعتي براك وبرلين.[4]
آثاره
له «رسالة في تاريخ الأفكار العلمية في الإسلام» ثلاثة أجزاء ، و«رسالة في فهرست كتب محمد بن زكريا الرازي لأبي الريحان البيروني». مات منتحراً.[5]
المراجع
معرف ملف استنادي متكامل: https://d-nb.info/gnd/119226065 — تاريخ الاطلاع: 8 مارس 2015 — الرخصة: CC0
http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123862505 — تاريخ الاطلاع: 10 أكتوبر 2015 — الرخصة: رخصة حرة
كراوس موسوعة المستشرقين للدكتور عبد الرحمن بديوي، 1992 نسخة محفوظة 14 يناير 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين.
كراوس، پول الموسوعة العربية الميسرة، 1965
الزركلي، خير الدين (1980). "ْكرَاوْس". موسوعة الأعلام. موسوعة شبكة المعرفة الريفية. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 21 تشرين الأول 2011.
ضبط استنادي
WorldCat VIAF: 81980151 LCCN: nr88002717 ISNI: 0000 0000 8077 9755 GND: 119226065 BNF: cb123862505 (data) BIBSYS: 6088652 NKC: xx0078060
أيقونة بوابةبوابة التشيك أيقونة بوابةبوابة أعلام أيقونة بوابةبوابة ألمانيا أيقونة بوابةبوابة تاريخ العلوم
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
هذه بذرة مقالة عن حياة شخصية تشيكية بحاجة للتوسيع. شارك في تحريرها.
تصنيفات:
أشخاص من براغمؤرخو العلممؤرخو القرن 20مؤرخون ألمانمستشرقون تشيكيونمستشرقون نمساويونمستشرقون يهودمستعربونمستعربون تشيكيونمنتحرونمواليد 1322 هـمواليد 1904مواليد في براغوفيات 1363 هـوفيات 1944وفيات في القاهرةيهود تشيكيون
بدون نظر